1. Ooaaeaae ia a1/4eoae o3/4?iiaa iaeaaeu eai i?uiaa?ai aoui, ?acui aeo?a aaeuiau? ?anao ?ieaa?u. 1.1 Eai ?aco iniiaaai ?aeiu o3/4niiieoa?. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    Eai ?1/2iunu ?a? ?aaaouiu" aaoeae aioeai oao ?uiunuiu" a?anuiaa 1/4oaai. Oao ?uiunu aai ai?iaoa ieia?ae o3/4ei?oieoai ?1/2?ae?ai ai?eaeei ?inuiaa aaiaii aoaeau. Oao ?uiunu aoa ?iienou, ??ia 3/4eiiai o3/4?iia a1/4eiiaai/ ei?aiiua, iaiinu//1.1no?./. Aoa ?iiunou ?uiunu aai aanoai?u ?a?ae?ai ?a?iiaa na?oae"ai ?uiunoa?au aoaeau. ¶eiiai aai aoa ?iienou ?uiunou" ?a?aeui 3/4aieiaei ?1/2ina? o3/4?iia aeiaeui i?iuiaa ia ?caa ?a?aa e1/4oi?ieii ?ao?ai o3/4?ii aeoaau. ¶eiiai ?uiunou" ?aeuiau?u 0 aai 500 i aaeii eacaanaai/ Aoa ?iiunou ?uiun ?a?aoueun ?a?uiai ?a?a?aiaa a?oa?ueo a??ueu iaeaa aie?ai /iaaiaeu/, o1/4aiiai ??ia iaoa?iioou /o3/4?i 1/4caa?aai/ ?uiunoa??ai a1/4eiiaai. Iaeaaeu 1/4acaaea? aai inu e3/4iai oaoieea e3/4oiiai ?aoeieieoi yeiiiie?aeu? oeiiaiaiiai oaeu? oa?oaoueu?aiaa iaeaaeaiaoui oaae?e ieia?ae caooa?au aoaeau /e1/4ii?, eai, anue oanoa?, oan oocu, i1/2iae, aac o. a./.
    Iaeaaeu caooa?au ?aoui ioiia nue?ucui ?i?oai o1/2?aoui ?uiunou - ain ?uiui aai aoaeau.
    Yeiiiieea eiiu?eoo?anuia nae iaeaaeu aai naiaeaoui ?a? ?u?ounuiu" ?? oonuiaa eacaanii o1/2?aoui oaae?e ?euiauea?au, iaeaaeu eai ?ieianu aai aoaeau /ianoi?i?aaiea iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo/.
     1.1no?. E1/4ii? ?ieianuiu" aaieiaey ?o?ueunu.
    1. ?niiaie ?aaaou;
    2. ?1/2i;
    3. Aaeou?;
    4. Oa?oaoan /neaiao/;
    5. Icaanoioan;
    6. ?oiau-aaeou? oa?oa oan;
    7. E1/4ii? ?aaaou;
    8. ?1/2iau oa?oa oan;
    9. E1/4ii? ?a??anu /i?iieanoie/;
    10. ?1/2iaa? /?oioan - ian?aiee/.
    Eai i?uiu" oi?ia ?a?aoueanuia ?a?ai a1/2?un oi?iaeu /?aaaoou eeicaeu/, oi?ianuc /ooie, 1/2y, ?a?u?/ o3/4?iia a1/4eiiaai. ?aaaoou /ieanoiaue/ aai-?a? ?u?oun a?anuiaa ?a?ay?ai ia?aeeaeuai aei aaoiai oaiaoei eaiai aoaeau.
    Eai ?aaaouiu" 3/4noiiai ?aoui ?ao?ai ?uiunou oaaa ?aauiaunu /e?iaey/ ia aieiana o1/4i3/4ei aaoeae aai /aeny?ee aie/, ae anouiaa?u ?uiun-oaaai ?uiunu /ii?aa/, ia oanaiio a3/4i?i /ea?a?ee aie/ aoaeau. O1/4aa ??ia oaaai ?uiunui eaeaa nue?ucoou ?uiunoa? aai ?aeiu aoaeuioa ?3/4?. °? o3/4?ei ?uiun ?aaaoa?uiu" ?aiano aeauiu" ?aoaa?eao ?acu?ou?u aai aoaeau. ?a?aoueunuia ?a?ae ?aaaoou eai oooan ia aieiana ?1/2?a ain ?uiun ?aaaooa?u /i?ineieea aoaeaoui/ a?aean?ai e3/4?aaei ?1/2?ueun o3/4?i eacaanaai /1.2. no?. ?a?a/ 1.2. no?ao ?aaao ?1/2?ueunoa?
    a) e3/4?aaei;
    b) o1/2oan o3/4?i.
    ?oa ?1/2?a ?a?ae?ai ?acuiaeo?a ?a?ainuc/ ?aeuiau?u 40 ni aaei/ ?1/4ii? ?aaaoui i?ineieea aai aoaeau.
    ?a? ?u?ounuiu" ?a?u?ui oieou??ai ieia?aeu caoou ?aei /?eea/ aai aoaeau. ?aei aaaaiiiic ea" ?aeue?ai ane?ae eacaanaoii ia anue iaoaee ?oaanuiu" ??ia o. a. ieia?ae oeei caooa?uiu" ?a?aoueun oi?ianu. ?aeiii" ?a?aiaeui ??ia e3/4?aaei o3/4?i aieaau. ?aeiii" oa?ia?oaiui a1/4eoaeoaiaai o3/4?ie /aiioec/ aai aoaeau. ?enu? oi?iaeu ooie, oy aaaai eai i?uiaa?ui ?a? ?u?ounuiu" 1/4eoaii, oi?ia aeu?iaoueu"oa?u 1/4caaoa aieui ?ei eacaanaai. I1/2iaae ?u?u?oa?aa /?ounoa?aa/ iaoa o3/4?ei eai eacaanaai /oaii?, iun, iieeiaoaee o. a./. Aa?oa eai, ain ?uiun ?aaaooa?u ?a?aoueun eaciiaa eieaae ia ?acu? ?a?aeaau. ?a?aoueun eaciiaa oaeoiieea /?ue?o/ i?ioannoa?iii" ??aeaoi a??ueu ?uiun ?aaaaoa?u ?aoaa?eaiui 0 aai 90i aaeii aoia?oou i3/4ieii.
    Aioeeeeiaeu aai ?aaaooa?au" a1/4"an ?a?ui, ae neieeeiaeu aai ieun aaoii aoaeau /1.4 a no?./, /na?in/ ?ie?ui o3/4no oao ?uiunuiaa eacaanaoii ?1/2aueun o3/4?i ?a?ue?ai ?aaaooa?au" ai? ?a? ?aiaou ?ueu o3/4n1/2i. Na?anuaaoaeu aai ?ue?o ?icu?ou?uiu" ai? ?aiaou e1/4oa?ieii aeiioi ?aiaouiu" o1/4iai o3/4nii eaoeaiii aoaeiuc.
    Na?anuaaoaeu aieuiai ?aaaooa?au" naeunou?iaeu ?ue?u?ai oaianui ?ue?oau" aouo?o aiii /aiieeooaa niauaiey/ aai aoaeau. Ia?ooaiea /aocueo/ oao ?uiunuiu" oooanou?u na?oaena ieeeaoeaoi a1/2cueun aaeiic. A1/2ea??a ?aaaoou?au" ?iiioea?ii /ooiiaiea/, iniiai /?acaoau / iai oaeueau /?aciuau/ ?aoaau. Ai?eciioaeu ?acu?ou?uiai ?aaaoou" ?eueun3/4 nucu?uiu" aa?uoui ?aeueui aaoi /i?inoe?aiea/ aanae, ae A-A nucu?ui ?aeueo nucu?u /eeiey i?inoe?aiey/ aaeiic/ 1.5 no?/.
    ?aeueo nucu?uia ia?iaiaeeoey? eaeaoii ?aaiao aaoiiai aa?oeeaeu ?acu?ou?uiu" ?ueeun3/4 nucu?ui - ?1/2eau?ao nucu?u /eeiey iaaaiey/ aoaeaau. ?aaaooa?au" ?1/2eau?ao aaauiai iuia o3/4?ea?aa a1/4eaai: ?acu? /iieiaea/ 0 - 18i aaei/, ?1/2eau?ao /iaeeiiiua/ 19i - 25I aaeii/, oiea - a"eae /e?ooi iaeeiiiua/ - /36-55I aaei/, ??ia oie /e?ooua/ - /55-90I aaei/. ?aaaooa?au" ?aeuiau?u aai /iiuiinou/ ?aaaoou" o1/4aaniiai oaaaiuia" a?anuiaa?u i1/4eoa?ai aeaau.
    E3/4?aaei ?aaaooa?au" ?aeiu ??ia iaeaaeu ?aeuiau? i1/4eoa?ii aoao ea?ae. ?aeiu ?aeuiau?u aai a3/4eie iaeaaeu ?aaaooa?au", ain ?uiunoa?au", ?o?a ?aaaaoa?uiu" ?aeuiau?u ?inueui anaioaena, ae iaeaaeu ?aeuiau? o3/4?iiaa - oae ?aia iaeaaeu ?acaaea?au" ?aeuiau?u anaioaeaai. ?aeu"au? iaeoa?iia ?a?ai ?aaaooa? iuia o3/4?aa a1/4eiiaai: 1/4oa ?iiioea /?aeaiau?u 0,7 i aaei/, ?iiioea /0,71 i aai 1,2 i aaei/ i?oaoa /1,21 i aai 3,5 i aaei/, ?aeu" 3,5 i aai ?i?a?u. ?aaaooa?au" ?ae?ano /yeaiaiou caeaaaiey/ yeaiaiooa?iia iuiaea? ?aoaau: ?aeuiau?u, nicueo aa?uou, ?1/2eaiaeaueu?u /aiea?/. Aaieiaey 1/4caaoieiia ?a?aianoai oaoiieiaey o1/2??unuiai, ai?aai oieu? ?acui aeo?a u"?aeeu ?aaaooa?au naeoa aai aoaeau /?aaaoou eai/.
    Iaeaaeu eacaaiai nue?ucoou ?uiunoa?au" oeceei-iaoaieea ?aneaooa?i 1/4caaoa aieouia aaeeaiunou oao ?uiunoa?u o3/4?ei eeanneoeeaoey?a a1/4eiiaai I?ioanni? I. ............