Федеральное агентство по образованию РФ

Волжский политехнический институт (филиал)

Волгоградского государственного технического университета

Кафедра иностранных языков

Семестровая работа

по английскому языку

The Engine

(Перевод технического текста)

(7000 символов)

Выполнил:

Студент гр. ВТС-231

Мусаелян Э.А.

Проверил:

Преподаватель

Мозговая О.В.

Волжский 2008

Содержание

Введение

Технический текст на английском языке

Перевод текста

Краткий словарь (Vocabulary)

Заключение

Список литературы

Введение

Я выбрал тему двигатели потому что, я считаю, что сейчас в современном мире произошёл гигантский скачек вперёд, и даже не смотря на кризис в мировой промышленности, автопром нашей страны продолжает своё развитие, продолжает развивать и увеличивать свой ассортимент, повышая свою конкурентную способность, но в моей работе речь пойдёт не об этом.

А пойдет она о сердце любого автомобиля, о его можно сказать душе и с этим согласится любой знаток четырёх колёсного друга, речь пойдёт о двигателе. Моей целью было рассказать о двигателе что-то еще, так чтобы показалось интересно не только мне, но и окружающим. Я использовал разнообразную литературу, но в список включил только самое главное и основное откуда я почерпнул максимум информации. Искал я в самых разных источниках и изданиях, но чаше всего это были печатные издания.

The Engine. The engine is the source of power that makes the wheels go around and the car move. It is usually referred to as an internal-combustion engine because gasoline is burned within its cylinders or combustion chambers. This burning, or combustion, takes place at such high speed as to be termed an "explosion"; the high pressure thus created causes a shaft to turn or rotate. This rotary motion is transmitted to the car wheels by the power train.

Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders, although some four-, twelve-, and sixteen-cylinder engines are in use.

Engine Operation. The activities that take place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages, or strokes. "Stroke" refers to the piston movement. The upper limit of piston movement is called top dead center, or T. D. C. The lower limit of piston movement is called bottom dead centre or B. D. C. A stroke constitutes piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes direction of motion. Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (two crankshaft revolutions), the engine is called a four-stroke-cycle engine. The four strokes are: intake, compression, power and exhaust.

Intake. On the intake stroke the intake valve is opened. The piston is moving down, and a mixture of air and vaporized gasoline is being drawn into the cylinder through the valve opening. The mixture of gasoline and air is delivered to the cylinder by the fuel system.

Compression. After the piston reaches BDC it begins to move upward and at this instant the intake valve closes. The other valve is also closed so that the cylinder is sealed. The piston moves upward, compressing the mixture to as little as one sixth of its original volume or less. This creates a fairly high pressure within the cylinder.

Power. As the piston reaches TDC or the upper limit of its travel, an electric spark is generated at the cylinder spark plug. The spark plug consists of two electrodes, which are electrically insulated from each other. At the proper instant the ignition system delivers a high-voltage surge of electricity to the spark plug. This causes an electric spark to jump across the gap between the spark plug electrodes. The spark ignites or sets fire to the highly explosive mixture of gasoline vapor and air. Rapid combustion takes place, and the already high pressure within the cylinder increases to as much as 400 pounds per square inch. This terrific pressure against the top of the piston forces it downward, and a power impulse is transmitted to the engine crankshaft through the connecting rod and crank.

Exhaust. As the piston reaches the lower limit of its travel again, the exhaust valve opens. The piston moves upward on the exhaust stroke, forcing the burned gases out of the cylinder through the exhaust-valve opening. At the instant that the piston once more reaches top dead center, the exhaust valve closes and the intake valve opens so that, when the piston begins to move downward on the intake stroke, a fresh charge of gasoline vapor and air can be drawn into the cylinder. ............