Федеральное агентство по образованию
Государственное образовательное учреждение
высшего профессионального образования
«АЛТАЙСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКУЛЬТЕТ
КАФЕДРА ВСЕОБЩЕЙ ИСТОРИИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ
ПОЛЬША В УСЛОВИХ ПРЕДВОЕННОГО КРИЗИСА И НАЧАЛА ВТОРОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ В МАРТЕ-СЕНТЯБРЕ 1939 ГОДА
(дипломная работа)
Выполнила студентка5 курса, 146 гр. Сачко Е.И.
___________________
(подпись)
Научный руководительк.и.н., доцент
Аршинцева О.А.___________________
(подпись)
Допустить к защите:зав. кафедрой, д.и.н., проф.
Чернышов Ю.Г.___________________
(подпись)
«_____»______________2009 г.
Дипломная работа защищена «___» ______________ 2009 г.
Оценка __________________
Председатель ГАК: д.полит.н., проф.
Барабанов О.Н.________________
(подпись)
Барнаул 2009
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
Summar
Введени
Глава 1. Польша и международное положение в Европе в марте-июле 1939 г
1.1. Польско-германские отношения и внешняя политика Польши весной 1939г.
1.2. Итоги англо-франко-советских переговоров
Глава 2. Польша и заключение советско-германского пакта о ненападении
Глава 3. Агрессия Германии против Польши и ее итоги
3.1. Германо-польская война
3.2. Четвертый раздел Польши
Заключение
Список использованных источников и литературы
SUMMARY
The diploma paper is called Poland in pre-war crisis and the beginning of the Second World War in March-September 1939. The main goal of the paper is to research the shifts in Poland international pattern and Polish foreign policy.
Like Czechoslovakia, modern Poland was born out of the Paris Peace Treaties of 1919. Historically there had been a Polish kingdom, but both Germany and Russia had swallowed this up in the Eighteenth Century. The Paris Peace Treaties gave the ethnic Poles their own country again.
Poland drove a wedge between Germany proper and East Prussia. This Polish Corridor gave Poland access to the sea at Danzig (Gdansk). There were many ethnic Germans living in the Polish Corridor.
Hitler started to make moves against Poland in March 1939 just as Germany invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia. Anti-Polish propaganda was published in Germany; this claimed that the Poles were mistreating Germans living in the Polish Corridor.
Under pressure, Great Britain and France reluctantly agreed to guarantee Poland from German attack. This was intended as a warning to Hitler that appeasement had gone far enough. But, matters took a turn for the worse in August 1939.
Despite their political differences, both Germany and the USSR needed each other’s co-operation in the autumn of 1939. As Hitler prepared to take back the Polish Corridor, he did not want to get embroiled in a war with the USSR. Stalin was well aware of German ambitions in the USSR, but saw this pact as an opportunity to give time in order to further prepare defences and for the USSR to control an even greater buffer zone against Germany. The Pact was totally cynical on both sides. Hitler and Stalin knew they would go to war with each other eventually, but neither were ready for a war over Poland in 1939. The Nazi-Soviet Pact solved this. Hitler and Stalin agreed to divide Poland between them.
The USSR was the only country that could have helped Britain stop a German invasion of Poland. In fact, maverick MP Winston Churchill had urged Britain to sign an agreement with the USSR all through the summer of 1939, despite his own suspicions of communism. Britain did not hurry the negotiations with the USSR believing that there was still time to spare. Chamberlain was wrong, Hitler had already signed a deal with Stalin.
As Hitler prepared himself for war with Poland, he began to offer Chamberlain the hope of negotiation and appeasement. Hitler believed that Britain would withdraw its guarantee to Poland, just as it had done with Czechoslovakia. Many British politicians, including Chamberlain, believed that Hitler’s claims to the Polish Corridor were only fair and reasonable. Hitler offered to ‘protect’ the British Empire. He said that Poland was the ‘last problem’ and that once it had been solved he would retire and return to his true vocation as an artist! Chamberlain was prepared to appease Hitler, but British public opinion by then was turning against Chamberlain and appeasement.
On August 31st Hitler ordered some SS soldiers to dress up as Polish soldiers. ............
