    
                                     - 2 -

         _2,    .

           ⥣᪮ ஢  ⥬ -
    ,  뢠  ࠢ᪨ 㭪樨. ᯮ २-
    ⢠  ⥣᪮  ஢,࣠樨   楫  ⤥
      襭 ⪮ ᯮᮡ 業 楫   ࠢ  ௮-
    ⨢  ।.  ⥣᪮  ஢ ᯥ稢
    ᭮  ࠢ 童 ࣠樨.
         _⥣᪮ ஢ ।⠢ .ᮡ  ⢨  -
    襭,।ਭ 㪮⢮,   ࠧࠡ⪥ ᯥ᪨
    ⥣,।祭  ⮣,⮡  ࣠樨  ᢮-
     楫.  ᭮  ࠭, ⥣᪮  ஢
      㬥⮬,騬   ਭ⨨ ࠢ᪨ 襭.
    -ᯥ     ࣠樨    筮
    ⥯.筥  ,   ᭮  ࠢ᪮ -
    ⥫쭮  ࠬ  ⥣᪮ ஢.   ⭮-
    :। ᮢ,  譥 ।,७ न-
      ࣠樮 ⥣᪮ ।.
         _। ᮢ..  砥  ᥡ ।
    ࠭祭 ࣠樮 ᮢ,⠪  䮭,  ࠢ-
    ᪨ ⠫  孮᪨ ._ਬ.,ᥭ 1987 .
    "" "" ਭ﫠 襭 ८࣠ ᢮  ⤥,""-
    ࠫ  㤧"",  祬    㢨 楫ࠢ ᨫ  祭
     ਡ뫥   饢 ஬諥,   ਮ-
    ⥭    1985 .᭮  , "" "" ࠧ
    ""ࠫ 㤧""   ⤥쭮 騥   ७  ᮪-
      讥  ᫮ ஢  ଥ ᮭ.,
       ⥬ ᪫祭    ࠢ᪨
    ᫮,  ஢   ⤥.
         _  譥 ।.. ᫥ ஢   -
    ப  ᫥ ᫮. 墠뢠  ⢨ ⥣᪮ ࠪ-
    ,  ⭮襭    㦥.  -
     ஢  譨   ,⠪  -
    , ᮮ⢥騥 ਠ  ᯥ 䥪⨢ ᯮ-
    ᮡ  ⥣    㦠騬  ᫮.⥣᪮ ஢
    ᯥ     ᮧ     -
    ⥩ ।⢮ ࠧࠡ⪨  ᮢ襭 ந⢥ -
    ⥬,⥬ ⢨  ࠢ⥫⢮  ⢮  楫  ..

                                     - 3 -
         _७ न..  砥 न ⥣᪮ -
    ⥫쭮  ⮡ࠦ ᨫ  ᫠ 17஭   楫  -
      䥪⨢  ⥣樨  ७ 権. ஫ 
       ४஢ ""譫 䮭   "",  ⢥砫
     ꥤ ⥫쭮  祬 250 ࠧ ।⨩, ⠢
         ६ 室 ""ਭ ⨭"",""  
    ࠭""  "" "".ᯥ祭 䥪⨢ ७ 権  -
    ,  , ꥬ   ࠢ᪮
    ⥫쭮.
         _ᮧ ࣠樮 ⥣.. ⥫쭮 ।ᬠਢ-
     ⢫ ⥬᪮ ࠧ 襭 ஢ ⥬ -
    ஢ ࣠樨,        ⥣᪨
    襭.ᮡ       ࣠樨 -
    쭮 ᪮४஢ ᢮ ⥣᪮ ࠢ     -
    ᨮ    ⥣᪮ ࠢ.ன ᯥ -
     , "    ","   ","⬥ "   "-
    ३⥤  ⬥ ",㪠뢠  ﭭ ६ 㪮-
    ⢠   諮   ண஢ 饥.
         _⥣ .।⠢  ᮡ  ⠫  ஭  
    ,।祭  ⮣, ⮡ ᯥ ⢫ ᨨ -
    樨  ⨦  楫.᪮쪮 ᭮ ⥧ᮢ,⭮ 
    ⥣,   ,  ,ਭ 訬  㪮-
    ⢮.०  ᥣ,⥣ 襩  㫨  ࠧࠡ뢠-
     訬 㪮⢮,  ॠ ।ᬠਢ  ⨥  
    ஢  ࠢ.  ࠢ  ࠧ ௮樨 <<ࠩ᫥>>
    뫮 㬠  ⢫  - .୮  -
    ,७  ⥫쭮  થ⨭  ⠭ ⮩稢
    ਢ쭮  ⭥   ᯥ譮 㫨஢   ॠ樨
    ⥣.
         _⥣᪨  . ࠧࠡ뢠 ᪮॥    窨  ७
    ᯥ⨢ ᥩ ௮樨,  ⭮ .  ।-
     ᭮⥫ ।   ᥡ ⭮⥫  ᪮
           ⥣ ࣠樨. 設⢥  
    ப  ﬨ  ᪮   .  ६  
       ௮樨,,       ॠ⨢  ᠬ-
    ,ᮡ直   ०,᪮   ⮬  ,-
     ᠬ ࣠樨  ਢ 訬 ࠧ 㦨 
    .
         _⥣᪨   . ᭮뢠 묨 ᫥ﬨ

                                     - 4 -
     䠪᪨ 묨.⮡ 䥪⨢  ஢    ᥣ譥
      ,ଠ    ﭭ  ᡮ஬ ஬ -
    ⢮ ଠ樨  ᫨,뭪,७樨  㣨 䠪.
         _⥣᪨    .ਤ   ଥ   ।,㠫-
    ,   ਢ । ⨯ ࠡ⭨,,  
    ६, ਢ ࠡ⭨ 㣨 ⨯.  뢠 ᯥ-
    ⨢  ࣠樨, ࠢ  㤭,ਢ  
    ࠡ⭨   த   㣨. ,⥣-
        ࠧࠡ⠭ ,⮡  ⮫쪮 ⠢ 楫-
    묨    祭 ⥫ ਮ ६,   筮 -
    ,⮡  室   ⢨  䨪  -
    ਥ.
         _騩 ⥣᪨  .᫥ ᬠਢ  ணࠬ,-
      ࠢ  ⥫쭮     祭 த⥫쭮 ਮ
    ६, ᥡ   ⮬, 䫨⭠    ﭭ  
      樠쭠 ⠭  ﭭ ४஢ -
    묨.

         2Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
         2 0 2        業   .᫥   
         2࣠-樨>࣠-樨>譥 ।  >ᨫ..᫠.
         2   
                                                          2
         Ŀ Ŀ 2Ŀ0 2Ŀ
          業    2     02롮      0 2  
         ⥣< ⥣2<0 2  ⥣  <   ୠ⨢ 
           20 2
                1.1.  ⥣᪮ ஢.

         _஢   ᯥ ࣠権.. ࣠権, -
    ,  । ஢ ᯥ, 稢 讣 -
      ଠ쭮 ஢. ⮣,⥣᪮ ஢ -
      ᥡ  ࠭ ᯥ.    ⮬    
    樥  ⥫    ᬮ ,᫨  ࠢ 
     ⢮,⠪  ࣠,ᮧ ⥣᪨  ,
    ௥ 㤠 - 訡  ࣠樨,⨢樨  ஫. 
    ,ଠ쭮 ஢  ᮧ       -
      䠪஢  ࣠樨. ६ ⥬ 
     㢥祭   ⮫쪮 訬, ⥣᪮ -

                                     - 5 -
    ஢ ।⠢ ⢥ ᯮᮡ ଠ쭮 ண஢
     ஡    ⥩.  ᯥ稢  襬  㪮
    ।⢮  ᮧ    ⥫ ப.⥣᪮ ஢
     ⠪ ᭮  ਭ 襭. ⮣,祣 ࣠  -
     , 筨  室騥  ⢨.ଠ-
     ஢ ᯮᮡ ᭨ ᪠  ਭ⨨ 襭.  -
      ᭮    ⥬⨧஢  襭,㪮⢮
    ᭨  ਭ ࠢ쭮 襭 - 訡筮  -
    ୮ ଠ樨   ࣠樨   譥 樨.-
    ஢,᪮   㦨    㫨஢  ⠭  -
    ,  ᮧ ⢮ 饩 楫  ࣠樨.   
    ஬諥  ⥣᪮  ஢  ⠭  ᪮॥  ࠢ-
    ,祬 ᪫祭.
             <<  >> 2 0㭠த
    ᫮.  .⢨  ⥣ (<<>>)  ⢨ (<<>>) 
    ᯥ .
         Ŀ
             । ⥣         । ⥣ 
         Ĵ
         2䥪.:0। -  । ⥣,
              䥪⨢  ⢨     䥪⨢ ⢨  
          ਢ  ᯥ  諮    ਢ  ᯥ  諮,
          ᯥ ᯥ  饬       ᯥ  饬 뢠
                                         ᮬ.                  
                                                                    
         2䥪..0।      । ⥣  
          ⥣, 䥪⨢      䥪⨢ ⢨   
          ⢨  ࠡ뢠   ਢ  㤠  諮,
           諮,  饬          ⠪  १ -
           ᨫ ७樨.     饬.         
         

         _2 .  .0 , ,ᠬ ⢮ 襭
      ஢ 㤥 롮 楫 ࣠樨.᫥⢨ ᢮ ࠧ-
    ,뢠 室  ஢ ⥬,㦤 ⠪  
    ᪮쪨 ப 㫨஢ 楫,⠪      -
    ,易  騬 楫ﬨ ࣠樨. ᭮  楫 ࣮-
    樨  -  ⪮  ࠦ 稭  ⢮ - 砥  
    . ࠡ뢠  ⢫ ⮩ ᨨ.

                                     - 6 -
         _ .2.  0祭 ᮮ⢥饩 ᨨ, ଠ쭮
    ࠦ    䥪⨢  ।⠢ 㤭 ࣠樨,
    㢥.ࠡ⠭   ᭮ 楫 㦠  ⢥  ਥ
     ᥣ ᫥饣  ਭ ࠢ᪨ 襭.᫨ -
    ⥫  , ᭮ 楫  ࣠樨,     -
      ᪮  窨     롮 襩 ୠ⨢._-
    _.,᫨  㪮⥫   ,   ᭮ 楫  -
      ।⠢    ண, ਣ⮢ , 
    ᬮ  ᪨ ,⮨     10 - ஢  
      ⥪ᮬ   ।  ଥ   1,5 .  
    㡥⥫ 㬥  뫮  ਢ   ⥪,ᯮ-
     , 騩 ꥬ த 㤥 ,᫨ ଠ ᬮ 
     10 .  .  । ᨨ  ਥ 㪮-
    ⥫    ⢥ ᭮  ਭ 襭 ⮫쪮 ᢮ -
    㠫 業.⮬    ᪮॥ ஬  ࠧ  -
    ,   ⢮ 楫,饥 ⢥ 祭  ᯥ ࣠-
    樨.㤨⥫쭮,  ⠪  ᪫⥫쭮  ᯥ騥   ࣠-
    樨,"  "," ","⬥ "  ࢠ᪨ 㭨-
    , ଠ쭮 ࠦ,᭮  㫨஢ ᢮  -
    . ᨨ ⠫    ᯥ稢 ࠢ  ਥ-
      । 楫    ⥣    ࠧ  ࣠樮
    ஢.㫨஢  ᨨ  ࣠樨    ঠ  ᫥饥:
    1.   窨 ७  ᭮   ,  ᭮
    뭪  ᭮ 孮. , ।ਭ⥫᪮ -
    ⥫쭮  ଠ?  2. ।  ⭮襭  ଥ,-
     । ࠡ稥 ਭ樯 . 3. ࣠樨. -
     ࠡ稩    ?   ⨯  ਢ
      ?  ᭮    ଥ ᨨ   
     ".. ".稭      1982  .        1987
    .,"  "४ 450 ᢮ 㯭 ,⨢ 
    11 .. ᫮ ।ᥤ⥫ ࠢ "" 줠 .-
    ,楫  "襭 ࠧ".  襩 ⥯ 易  -
    ७ 㦥 ந室饩 樨 ,祬   । 
      .    ⨬  ""  뫨 ᪫祭 ᪨,ᠤ-
    -த   ᪮ ⮢.   﫨  -
    業,⢨      "",ண   "-
    ","""⮭". ଥ ᨨ  뫮  -
    .  ᫥    ਡ뫨 ᭨  ७樨 -
    ,  ᭨ 業,  ஭,   㭨ᠫ

                                     - 7 -
    .
         _ .. 㪮⥫     롮 
    㫨஢ ᨨ ᢮ ࣠樨.     
    祢.᫨  ⨯筮 ।⠢⥫  ।ਭ⥫-
    ⢠,   祬    ,⢥⮬,⭮,㤥:"筮,  -
    ". ᫨ ⥫쭮 㬠  ,    ⢥
    楫. ਡ ।⠢ ᮡ  ७ ஡ ।-
    .᪮ ࣠  ⮩ ⥬,  릨 
    筮   ⮫쪮,᫨ 㤥 㤮⢮ - ॡ,-
    室   ᠬ.⮡ ࠡ ਡ,室   릨-
    ,ଠ   ᫥  । 㭪樮.⮬   -
    㦠饩 । 㪮⢮ ᪨  楫 ࣠樨.⮡ -
      ᮮ⢥  ,㪮⢮   ⢥   -
    :"  ?"  "  ॡ    ⮢    
    㤮⢮?"⮬      ⥪ 㤥 , ᯮ
    १ ⥫쭮 ࣠樨.⠬ ᪮ ࣠樨
     , ᯮ  㣨  ᯥ稢  ᠬ.
         室 롮 ᨨ 뫠 ਧ 뤠騬 㪮⥫-
          ࠧࠡ⪨ ⥮ਨ ⥬. ,㪮⥫,
    騩 祭 ਡ뫨,।   ""  ।-
    ⠢   襢 ࠭ᯮ. ࠢ쭮 ⬥砫,,᫨ -
     , ਡ   ன . 롮 ⠪ 㧪 ᨨ -
    樨,  ਡ,࠭稢   㪮⢠  -
    ⨬ ୠ⨢  ਭ⨨ 襭. १ 祢 䠪
       ᬮ७  ᫥騥 襭  ਢ  
    ஢ 䥪⨢ ࣠樨._ਬ.,  ।,
     ண  ᬮ ࠭ ᮪ ७ᯮᮡ  -
    쭮,⮬   㪮⢮ । ᢮    -
    ஦,   ࠭ᯮ⭮ ।⨥.  㢨   竨 -
      孮  ७樨,_ਬ.,ࠧ⨥ 㧮 ࠭ᯮ-
    , ࠭ᯮ  ⥩ ᪨ ॢ.  
    㣨 䠪, ᭮  稭  ⢠  "  ࠫ
    " ⠫ ਥ ⮫쪮  ஦ ॢ.
         _  .2.  0 ᪨ ࣠-
    樨   ⠪  ࠧ "⮢",  㤭 ।⠢ -
    室 㫨஢ 楫.訥 ਬ     ०  䥤-
    ࠫ쭮  ࠢ⥫⢠.।, ⢮ ࣮ 
    ᯮᮡ⢮ ࣮.,     㤮⢮७  ॡ⥩
    ਪ᪮  ।ਭ⥫⢠,⢮  ࣮    ⠪

                                     - 8 -
    㤮⢮ 㦤 ,१    ਪ᪮  ⢥-
    . ࠧ 쭨  ᯥ稢 ᢮ 樥⮢,-
    祩,樭᪨ ,孨᪨ ࠡ⭨  ⭮ ᮮ⢮, -
    ஬    ⢫ ᢮ ⥫쭮.ᬮ   㤭,-
    ᪠ ࣠  㫨஢  室,ਥ஢-
      ""   ᥡ ᠬ.
         _  ..।騥 ਬ ⭮  㯭 -
    ,  訥  ࣠樨  ⠪ 㦤  ᮮ⢥饩
    㫨஢ ᨨ.ᮬ,稨 ᨨ   稭,-
    祬  ⠪  , "",""  "  ",  ⨣ ᢮
    ᥣ譥 稭.᭮   ࣠樨 砥  롮-
      ᫨誮 ᫮ ᨨ.  ६   "  "   -
     । ᢮   㤮⢮७ ଠ樮  ॡ-
    ⥩,箪   ᫨   ࠭ ᢮ 楫 ᭠砫 ।⠢-
     ணࠬ ᯥ祭,ᮢ⨬  "  ", 㤮-
      ࠡ⪨ ⥪⮢, -  ⮢ 楫   ।-
    ⨩.   "   த"     -
      ।⨩   ,ਭ騬 ࠬ.   த 65 
      室  ᠬ ୮ ᥫ  ᥬ .୥
    ࠩ  ଠ  ,।⥫ ࣠樨, 訫 
     ⢥ ᨨ ६  㯭襩   ᬥ᪮  -
    ., ।竨 ஬  ࠡ  ᫨  
    室  ᠬ,।祭  । ⭨᪮ 㯯.
         _2   .0⥣᪮ ஢ ਮ-
    ⠥    ⮣,  ॠ. ⮬   㪥
    ⠥, ஡    㤥  㪮⢠ ।-
        믮.  ⪨ ।⠢ 
     室 .  ᭮ 楫  訬 ⮬ -
    䥪⨢ ஢,   ᯥ稢   -
    ஢  ਭ 襭  . ⠭,  ࣠-
              १.⮤
    ⨦ 楫--ᬠਢ ⮫쪮  饬 ᫥, -
    ᮬ  ࣠. 室  ஬ ᢮ -
    ⢨.⭨,⢥⢥  ⨦ 楫,  -
      ७ﬨ,    ⠪ ࠧ ⢨   ᥡ
    ⠪ ࠧ, 䠪᪨  ᯥ ⨦  楫.⮡  -
      ਥ樨  ࠢ쭮 ⮫,㪮⢮ -
     ࠧࠡ뢠 ⥫   
    㪠  ᯥ祭 楫    ॠ樨 ⥣-

                                     - 9 -
     .
         ᭮ 祩  ४⨢  ਥ   襭
        ॠ ୠ⨢,,  㪮⢠,-
     묨  ⨦ 饩 楫.᭮  砥-
       ᭮ 離 ⢨,   ਬ - ⥫-
    쭮 ᬨ⥫쭮 㡠誨.᭮묨 ⠬ ଠ쭮  -
      ⠪⨪,⨪,楤  ࠢ.
         _..  ⮬   㪮⢮  ࠡ뢠  ⪮
    楫,ᮣ騥  묨  騥  ⨦, ⠪
      ࠧࠡ뢠 ⪮ ,ᮣ騥   -
     묨 . ⪮ ⥣ 뢠 ⠪-
    .ਬ, ஢ 室 ।⠢ ᮡ  ⠪⨪,ᮣ-
      饩 ⥣. "⮬"  ⮬ 㤥 ⠪-
    ,ᮣ饩  ⥣ ,ࠢ  㢥祭  -
     뭪  ࠡ⪥ 35- .   ࠪ⨪ ⠪-
    ᪨ : 1.⨪ ࠧࠡ뢠  ࠧ⨥ ⥣. 2.  -
        ⥣   ᥣ ࠧࠡ뢠   ஢ 㪮-
    ⢠,⠪⨪  ࠡ뢠  ஢ 㪮⢠ । -
    .  3.⨪  ⠭   ⪨ १ ६,祬 -
    . 4.  ६  १ ⥣     -
    㦥   祭 ᪮쪨 ,⠪᪨ १, ࠢ,-
     祭    ᮮ⭮  묨 ⢨ﬨ.
         _.. ᫥ ⠢   ⠪᪨  㪮-
    ⢮  㯨  ࠧࠡ⪥  ⥫  ਥ஢,⮡
     ਥ樨  ࠢ쭮 ⮫  . -
       ॠ樨  ࠡ⪠ ⨪.
          ।⠢ ᮡ 饥 㪮⢮  ⢨  ਭ-
     襭,஥ 砥 ⨦ 楫. ⨪ 筮 㫨-
     訬 ࠢ騬  ⥫ ਮ ६. ᫮ ⥩-
      :"⨪  ᬠਢ    ⢥"  -
    ",  ।,   ࠢ  ⢫ -
    ⢨...⨪ ࠢ ⢨  ⨦  楫    믮
    .  , ࠧ   ⨣ 楫,⠭-
     , 㦭 ᫥. ।祭  ࠭ -
    ⢠ 楫, ⠪  ⮣,⮡  ਭ 㪨 -
    ,᭮  ॡ  .  ⨪  ।⠢
    ࠢ ⥩ 㤮ன⢠  樮 設  騭
    ᯮᮡ,_ਬ.,襭  樠쭮  ᯥ祭    襣
    ᯮ짮  㤮  ᮢ.஢   প ⠪ ⨪

                                     - 10 -
       ७  砩 ᪫祭 騬
    㪮⥫ﬨ 騭  ।⠢⥫ 樮 設  -
     ⮢  . ⨪ ⢫    ᫨    롮
    ୠ⨢   ᭮  業⥩  ।⥭  ᪫  -
    襭,஥ ᮮ⢥ 楫 ࣠樨. ⬥,, -
        ࠢ  ਭ⨥  襭,    ⠢ ᢮ -
    ⢨."ࠫ ",_ਬ.,஢  ⨪  ᭨  ⢠
      㬥⮢,室    ந⢠  . -
    ⥫쭮 ᫥  ⮬  ,  ⮬
        ,    ⥫.  
    "襢஫"㤥  ⠫, ਬ﫨  ""  "ᬮ-
    "।饣  .    ᮪ ⥯ ⠭-
    ⨧樨 ᥬ⢠ ⮬"ࠫ ".  ࠧ   -
     ᢨ⥫⢮ ᢮ 롮  ਭ⨨ 襭, ᪠
    ⠪ ⨪. ࠧ,⨪ ࠢ ⥩,㯮-
      ࠭,।⠢  㪮⥫ ᢮    
    ᫮,   㤥 ⪠  稭 ,५  .
         _.. 㪮⢠ ࠢ᪨ ⢨ﬨ  ⨪
     뢠 筮. ⮬ 砥 㪮⢮ ࠧࠡ뢠 -
    .࣠樨,    ,  먣,ᯮ   
     襭.  ⮬, 稫   諮,  
    ।।  訡.    ,  㦭  
    ,   १ 㤮⢮⥫쭮 襭;  ᡥॣ-
     ६  ।०  訡. ࠧ,   -
    ⨨ 襭   ⥭    ,㪮⢮  
    ⠥  ࠢ  ਬ ⠭ ६ ᯮᮡ ⢨
     ࠡ뢠 ⠭⨧  㪠.ࠦ  ଠ  -
    ,  㪠   "楤".   뢠 -
    ⢨, ᫥ ।ਭ  ⭮ 樨.
          ,楤  ।⠢ ᮡ ணࠬ஢ -
    ,஥ ᪫砥 室"   ".楤
    筮 뢠 ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨, ᫥ ।ਭ
     ⭮ 樨. 饬 砥 ,騩 ᮣ᭮ -
    ,  ᢮ ⢨  訬 ᫮ ୠ⨢.
         _.. ᯥ譠 ॠ    筮  믮-
     ,㪮⢮   室  ᪫
     ᢮ 롮.⮡  믮  ᢮      ᯥ祭
    ७  ᭮,,_ਬ.,  ਭ  ᥡ  ࠡ
    ⮫쪮  ᪫⥫쭮   㦨 .⮬  

                                     - 11 -
        㪮⥫   祫  ᯥ樠-
     祭  䨨.㪮⢮ ⠪ ⠥ 室 ᪫-
      롮 ⠬,  ⭮⥫쭮 ᮪ ⭮
    ⮣,     ᥡ ⠪ ࠧ,  ਢ
      ⥫  ᫥⢨.   ࣠,_ਬ.,ॡ-
    ,⮡ 㤭 室  ࠡ祬    ਮ -
    ,᪠,  9 ᮢ   5 ᮢ .  ⮡   -
    訥,  ஡,  ⨦ 楫 ॡ ᮪ -
      稭,㪮⥫ ᯮ ࠢ. 㪮⢮ 
    ࠭ ⢨ 㤭,⮡ ࠭஢ 믮  -
     ⢨ 묨 ᯮᮡ, ⠢ ࠢ.
          筮 ।,    ᤥ    ᯥ᪮
    筮 樨. ࠢ ⫨  楤 ⥬,  -
        ࠭祭 .楤  ⠭    -
    樨,     ᫥⥫쭮 ᪮쪨 易 
    ᮡ ⢨.
         Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
                      譥 - ᫥.
         ௮樨>௮樨>    ।     >. ᨫ.
                                               ᫠ ஭
            
         Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
         業  ࠢ-  -   롮   祭   
         -<.ॠ<-<⥣<- 
                 .ॠ                      ୠ⨢
                 .                                
             
         Ŀ Ŀ Ŀ
         業        ⨪ 
         -                     
           
                   Ŀ Ŀ
                   ࠢ ⨪ 
                    楫            
                    
                                Ŀ
                                楤
                                         
                                

                                     - 12 -
                                Ŀ
                                 ࠢ 
                                         
                                

         .1.3.1  ⥣᪮ ஢-७ .

         2_,    .0⮡  뫨 ॠ-
    ,-,祢, 䠪᪨ 믮   ,-
        楫 ࣠樨. ⮣ 㪮⢮ 易  䥪-
    ⨢ ᯮᮡ ⠭ 祢 ६,ࠪਧ   -
    .⠭ 楫  ᯥ祭  ⨪,⥣,楤ࠬ 
    ࠢ ᯮᮡ 襭 ⮩ .⨢    ஫  ⠪
      ⢥  ஫   ᯥ祭 䥪⨢ 믮 -
    . ࣠    ।⠢  ᮡ  㭪,
      祢  ।⢥ 易  ⥬᪮ न-
    樥   ,ᮮ⢥⢥,ଠ  ⭮襭  ,
    믮.
         3_2 .0  ନ,ᯮ㥬  ⥮ਨ ࠢ,砥
    ।   稩 ,஥ ਭ   ᥡ  ⢥⢥-
       믮.  ᪠ ஫ ஢ 祭  -
      ।. ।⠢ ᮡ ।⢮,   ண
    㪮⢮  ।  । 㤭 ᫥ ,
      믮  ⨦ 楫 ᥩ ࣠樨.᫨ -
       ஢ 㣮 祫,㪮⥫ 㦤 -
     믮  ᠬ.,筮,    ,⠪
      ६  ᯮᮡ 㪮⥫ ࠭祭.  ,
    ⨫ -  થ ,-   ᨪ  ,-
    ,  魮 ࠢ 砥  㬥" 믮 -
     㣨".⮬,  ᫥ ᫮,஢ ।⠢-
     ᮡ , ॢ頥 祫  㪮⥫.
         ஢,ᬮ   ᢮  㭤⠫쭮  祭,
         ࠢ쭮 ਬ塞 楯権 ࠢ-
    .   室 ஢  ⮣, ॡ-
        䥪⨢, 騥 ।ਭ⥫ ௥-
      㤠      ६,  ࣠樨 ⠭ -
    .⮡ ⮫쪮 ਡ    ⮣,  䥪⨢  -
      ஢,-   ஡  稬 ,- 室 -
     易  ⨬ 楯樨 ⢥⢥  ࣠樮 -

                                     - 13 -
    稩.
         2_ .0।⠢ ᮡ 易⥫⢮ 믮 騥-
       ⢥   㤮⢮⥫쭮 ࠧ襭.
          易⥫⢮   ,     믮-
      ࠡ ॡ,   । -
      ࣠樨.᪨, 砥 ࠪ  ࣠樥
      믮       祭 ।
    ࠦ.⢥⢥ 砥, ࠡ⭨ ⢥砥  १-
      믮    ।  ⥬,  ।  ._-
    _., ଫ  ࠡ  ⢥ ࠡ祣    ᡮન  
    ""㯠饬  砥  ()  ⠦  
      ⥫.ਭ  ࠡ  ࠦ    ,ࠡ稩
    ᢥ  ࠧ  ᮣ蠥 믮  ᯮᮡ,㤮⢮⥫
      "".  ᥡ  ⢥⢥,ࠡ稩   ࠧ-
        ᮡ ⥫  砥 ᢮ 訡.᪮ ࠡ稩
    ⠥ ⢥⢥  筮 ᯮ ,砫쭨  -
      ॡ  ᭥  ࠢ  ᤥ ࠡ.  
    ᮧ, ஢ ॠ ⮫쪮    ਭ  稩,
    ᮡ⢥  ⢥⢥      ஢.㪮⥫ 
     ࠧ뢠 ⢥⢥,।  稭.
         ꥬ ⢥⢥ -    稭 ᮪   -
    ஢,ᮡ 㪮  㯭묨  ௮ﬨ.        2
    ..狼  ਢ  ஢  ࠢ饣,᫨   
    㢨 ᯮᮡ ﭨ  ⥫쭮 ,   ᯥ.
         2 0।⠢  ᮡ  ࠭祭 ࠢ ᯮ짮 -
     ࣠樨  ࠢ ᨫ   㤭  믮-
     । .
           1,  ,0  
      . ࠦ  ன  થ - " ⤠-
     㭤,  祫".   ࠡ,  -
     ன   砥  ._ਬ., ࠢ-
    騩   "ப  "뢠   ᮪ ஢
    ࠢ    ६饭   ࠢ饣  ⮢୮ થ,  
    㦥    ਪ ᢮ 訬 稭  ⤥  .-
    ,᪮  ஢        祫-
    ,筮   ஢ 稩 .
             Ŀ
               
                   

                                     - 14 -
                          
             
             Ŀ
                  
              ⭮     
             ᮡ⢥⨳
             
             Ŀ Ŀ
                                   
               樮  > ४஢  
                                        
              
                             Ŀ
               Ŀ                
               -      १  
               ।                 
               -稩    
               \         /   Ŀ
                \       /    㪮⥫ 
                 \     /       襣    
                  \   /              
                   \ /       
                             Ŀ
                             㪮⥫ 
                               ।   
                                     
                             
                             Ŀ
                             㪮⥫ 
                                襣   
                                     
                             
                             Ŀ
                                          
                                稥   
                                          
                             

         2_ .  .  0   ⥩, ᯮ -

                                     - 15 -
    ⨢ ,㭪樨   ,    ⠪    뢠-
    ,࠭  믮 । .⭮, -
       騬 ਬ஬ ᯮ짮 㦨饣  -
        ⤥  ஢,騩    設⢥ 㯭 -
    .⤥ ஢    㤭,室   ஢  -
    ⥭樠 ⮢  ࠡ     ⠢ -
     㪮 ॡ㥬 . ਬ 뢠,  -
    ⨢     ᯮ  ⨢,⠪  㦨騥
    㭪樨.
          㣨  ⢥,થ⨭   ᫥,䨭஢-
    ,஢,ਠ쭮-孨᪮   ᭠,業  ⢨
    - ஥⮢  㦠 ।    ਤ᪨  ஡.
    㭪樮  ࠧ ।⠢ 㪮 ଠ,-
    室  ਭ 䥪⨢ 襭.
         _2  .-0 ࠧ 㦨饣 ,ନ-
    饣, 㪮⥫  ᥪ  魨. 易
    筮  室 ᯮ ⮣, ॡ 㪮⥫. ࣠-
    樨 童 ⮣     稩.    -
    ,     祭 㪮⥫.  ⬥ -
    稥 筮    אַ㣮쭨 ᡮ  㪮⥫  -
     ࣠樮 ,⠢  .2.3.1
                       ĿĿ
                                       
                          १   ô  १  
                                                    
                       
                       Ŀ
                       -१ 
                          ᠬ  
                        ஢  
                       
               Ŀ
       ĿĿ Ŀ
         魨  ࠢ騩     ⥬    
         ਤ᪨  ᠬ -    ⨪   
           ᠬ  筮 -               
        
                       Ŀ
                         ࠡ稪   

                                     - 16 -
                        ᪨  
                          ண    
                       

         . 2.3.1   ⨢, 㦨騩,.(-
    ⨬, -१,㪮騩 ⮬, 묨 -
    ﬨ  । ᢮ ୮ ࠧ).
         _2,    .  .0 ࠡ稥 -
    ਭ ࠢ  楤  ,饥  ⢨  -
    ᫥.  ࠦ   ⨢  ࠢ,஢
    ࠦ  ࣠樨  㪮⥫,  אַ -
    . ⮬ 砥 ࠢ   ⨦ 楫 -  ᨬ  
    ⮣,᭮    . ᥣ  ⮬ 砥 뫮  ᪫
    直 ࠢ, ,⭮,ਢ    ⠪    ஡,
    뫨  , ࠭  ।砫 ࠢ.,᫨ -
     樨,  ࠢ ਭ  ।,祬  ,
      㢨, 騬 筨 ஡   ࠢ
      楤.॥,䫨  - 1ᯮᮡ   㪮⢮
    1।⠢  ࠢ 0ࠡ稬.
         ६ ࠡ稥,    ஢ ࣠樨, ⭮-
    ⥫쭮 襥 ࠧ  ࠢ  ᢮ ।⢥.-
      ⮣, ਪ᪮  ᨫ쭮 㪮७ ।⠢  -
    ᮪ ⥯ 筮 ᢮. ࠧ,ࠡ稥    稭
      ਭ ࠭祭,   ଥ -
     㪠.᫨ - ᫮   ⠫  ᯮਬ,  ᥣ
    稭  筮  ⮩稢 ॡ ᭥,祬 室 -
     ࠡ  ⠪, ।ᠭ ࠢ  楤ࠬ.
         ⮬,ਭ, ᬠਢ ࠢ ᭮  室-
    ,訬 ᯮᮡ ⨦ ᮣ 㤥 ନ஢  稭
     楫  ࠢ.  設⢥ 砥,᫨ 稭 ७ -
    ,  祬 ࠢ  ࣠樨  ⢫    -
    ⥫쭮   䥪⨢, 䫨  ᢥ  , -
     믮 ஢쭮.᫨ 㪮⥫ ᬮ 㡥⥫쭮  -
      ࠡ稬,  ࠢ  楤    , 
    筮 ᠬ 稭 ६  㤭. 稬,  -
    ⥫      ᥡ  㡥,  ᨫ쭮 ⠢ ࠡ
    ᫥ ࠢ, 㦨, ᯮᮡ 믮   ࠡ-
     뢠  䥪⨢,祬  ࠢ  楤,ࠧ-
    ⠭ ࠢ騬.

                                     - 17 -
           ᠥ 樮 ࣠権,魮  ॠ-
     ⠪⨪,⨪,楤  ࠢ ⠭      ᫮-
    .⢥,  ࣠樮   㦠騬 
    㪮⥫ﬨ,⠢騬 ࠧ ,  ॠ樨 -
      楤   訥 ᫮.
         2_         -
    _2..
          । ࠧ ᭮  㤥﫮 ࠧࠡ⪥  ॠ-
    樨 ⥣᪮  .    饥  ६   ⮤
    ᮣᮢ ஢   ஫. ப  ਬ塞묨
    ࠢ᪨ 㬥⠬,      ᯥ祭 ᮪
    ⥯ ᮣᮢ ஢    ஫  .    ப
    ਬ塞묨 ࠢ᪨ 㬥⠬ ,    ᯥ-
    祭 ᮪ ⥯ ᮣᮢ,    ࠢ  
    楫.
                               _2

           ᭮  ஢    䥪-
    ⨢ । ᮢ.  । ⢨,⭮-
    騥  ᯮ짮 ᮢ, ࠢ,,  㪮-
    ⢠,ᯮᮡ ⨦ 楫.     -
    襭묨 㭤⠫ -         
      ᫥ ᯮ짮  ⨦ 楫.  ⠪ -
    ஢ ⢥   ᭮ - 楫  ᭮ -
    ⨦묨       .  ஭   ࠣ᪮
    ᫥ ।⠢ ᮡ"    " ஢.
         ⮡   ,   ,㪮⥫ ᯮ
    ,㬥 ஢   ᮢ襭    㪫뢠  
    ᫥⥫쭮"楫-⥣-ࠢ", ᭮   易.
          ।⠢ ᮡ ⮤ ।  ᮢ,ࠪ-
      ⢥ ଥ, ⨦ 楫,⠪ ।⠢
    ⢥.
            ᫮  ப ᯮ㥬 -
    ⮬ ଠ쭮 ஢.  ࣠樨   ଠ-
     ᭮,..  쬥    㫨 楫  ⥣,-
    設⢮   ⠢    ⤥ 㬥⮢. ⢨-
    ⥫쭮 ,⭮,  㦥    ⠬,᪮ 
    ᥬ  ⤥  ⠢ ᢮ ,  । -
    訩 ᯮᮡ  室 ࠭祭 ⢠   ਮ⥭

                                     - 18 -
    ।⮢ ࢮ 室  ।⮢ ᪮.
               . 蠣  -
    ⠢ ,   㪠뢠   ।,㤥  ࠦ  
    ᫮ ଥ  ᮢ,⠪  㫨㥬 楫. ⠪, 
        ﭭ  ,ᯮ짮    ६-
    ,⠪   ,   ⥫ 㤮,  ࠫ
    ⥫,᪠,6000 .,  ࠪ⨪  ꥪ,  ஬
    ⠢ .   ࠭ ன  -
    ,-     ⭮ .
            뫮  㤭,᢮ ᫮ 祭 ᥬ -
    ᠬ  楫 ।⠢ 業,筮 쬠 ⢥ ᯥ -
    ஢   ࣠.⢥ ⥫  㪮⥫
    㢨 ࠢ  ꥤ ࠧ   ᯮ  
    ࣠樨.
           ⢥  ।  ।⠢,    
     楫-ࠡ  3000  ஢.  ⨯쭮 䮭 ⥬
    ஢ .
          ⭮,  ॡ ⮫,த⢨,४ ⪨
     ⠭ . ।⠢ ⭮⥫쭮 ⮨  -
    ᮢ, ⮫쪮 뢠  室饩 業 ⮢  ⮬ ⢥
    ஥   த.᭮뢠 襭 ⠪   ᮢ  
    ,,ᮬ,⥫쭮 ᭨ 蠭  ⨦ 楫--
     3000 ஢.,᫨  ⠭, 室 ⠢()

            ७ ⮫         200,00
            த⢨          2,00 ( 祫)
                    100,00

            , 業      2,00 .
    訢, 5 .-室 業,   ,᪮쪮  -
    ⮢ ᫥ த,⮡ ࠡ 3000 .:

         3000 .=(N x 3 .) - 300 .,
.
                                     - 19 -
     N - ⢮ , 3 .- ਡ  ᫥  ⠭  ⮨
    ⠭   .  祢,⮡ 믮  ,㦭 த
    1100 ⮢.
         ।⠢   䠪஢  㤮 饯ਭ⮩  -
    ,⠪  ,砥 ⠪ ⢥   㣨  ⢥-
       । ᮢ  楫. ᫨ ⭮,᪮쪮,-
    ਬ,  , ।,᪮쪮     த樨  
    ࠧ প. த ਢ  ਬ - ᫨   -
     ⮫쪮 900 .    ன⢮ , ।-
     ⠭  뫮  ⮫쪮  600 祫.  ,㦤  -
    ⭮,  ।,᪮쪮 㦭   믮 襩 -
    .⮡ ࠡ  3000  .,ॡ   襩  2500
    . 樨  থ. ⠪ ।,᪮쪮
      ࠡ⠫  ࠧ ஢ ꥬ த. ਡ  த 600
    ⮢    ⠢  1500 .
